What is a Coronary bypass graft?

A coronary artery bypass graft, (CABG) or Open Heart Surgery is done to maintain a flow of blood to your heart muscles by detouring around blocked coronary arteries. Coronary artery bypass surgery or open heart surgery will use a donor blood vessel from a different location of the same patient’s leg, chest, arms or abdomen. These are then connected as diversions around the blocked coronary arteries to restore blood flow to the heart muscle. Coronary artery disease starts when the coronary arteries get blocked with cholesterol and plaque deposits. If lifestyle changes, medication and angioplasty cannot control the disease then an open heart surgery becomes essential. CABG is just one of the different procedures done to treat coronary artery disease.

Coronary artery bypass surgery is a most important procedure with general anesthesia. The patient will be placed on a cardiopulmonary machine which will do the work of the heart and the lungs during the operation. As a result an experienced team of cardiac surgeons, cardiac anesthesiologists, cardiac surgery nurses, as well as a perfusion specialist, is necessary. Approximate time for the surgery can vary from 4 hours to 6 hours depending upon the number of grafts being put in.

Although the surgery is being performed quite regularly there is a risk of complications like continued bleeding, heart rhythm irregularities, infections, memory lapse, and strokes. Most patients do require a recovery period of at least 4-6 weeks before returning back to office work.

What Is a Coronary Angioplasty Surgery?

Coronary angioplasty surgery or per-cutaneous coronary interventions are surgeries to open up blocked heart blood vessels.

Although the heart is filled with blood 24 hours a day it only picks up its oxygen supply from a tiny cluster of vessels called as the coronary group of vessels. A high fat diet and no exercise, causes these tiny vessels to get clogged with fat. As a result, oxygen supply to the heart decreases. Continued blockages may cause the heart to stop working completely, resulting in a heart attack. For mild blockages, doctors usually recommend a lifestyle change, followed by cholesterol lowering drugs. Coronary angioplasty surgery becomes necessary to clear the blocked vessels for patients, who have already had a heart attack with gradually worsening symptoms.

Patients are admitted 24 hours before, in to the hospital. You will also have to stop certain medications like blood thinners, diabetes tablets, and nitroglycerines which may interfere with the procedure. A cardiologist with a special team of cardiovascular nurses will carry out the coronary angioplasty surgery in a cardiac catheterization laboratory. There is a mild risk of cardiac complications during the procedure. It’s necessary to do coronary angioplasty surgery in a hospital with surgical facilities to deal with any complications which arise. The procedure may take any where from 30 minutes to several hours to complete and a 3-4 days hospital stay is required.

What are Dental Bridges?

Having a gap toothed smile is a thing of the past. Missing teeth usually cause a wide range of insidious changes in the bite, migrating teeth as well as temporomandibular joint disorders, speech difficulties, gum problems and tooth decay. But now with rapid advances in the field of dentistry, dentists replace multiple missing teeth by using tooth colored dental bridges. There are different types of dental bridges like cantilever bridges which utilize a single tooth as support, conventional bridges which use two teeth as support or even resin bonded bridges which are extremely lifelike.

But for all varieties of bridges, teeth adjoining the missing teeth are shaped to provide support and then a fixed three unit bridge is placed with the central missing tooth or pontic. On the first visit, your dentist will judge the condition of the supporting teeth to prepare the dental bridge. If the support teeth are decayed or diseased, they will have to be restored before tooth preparation for the bridge can start. Once the support teeth have been adequately prepared, the teeth measured for a dental impression using putty like material and then the material is sent to a laboratory. The laboratory technicians prepare custom bridges for your teeth and these are then cemented permanently in place. You will have to visit the dentist for atleast four visits to complete the dental bridge procedure. Multiple visits may also be required depending on the patient’s occlusion or bite and the number of teeth being replaced.

What is dental bonding?

Dental bonding is a procedure by which a tooth colored restorative material is directly attached to the tooth surface. A special light is used to bond the material to the tooth surface.

The procedure for preparing a dental bonding is really simple and most dentists can do a direct dental bonding at the clinic in 30-60 minutes for a single tooth. The surface of the tooth is roughened and a special acid etch is applied to the tooth surface. The acid etch creates mechanical tags on the surface of the tooth to allow the tooth colored dental bonding material to stick properly. Then a dental bond or adhesive is applied and allowed to dry. The dentist will also color match your tooth shade with a shade guide and then build up the restoration in layers. Each layer is exposed to a special curing light to set the layers.

The advantage of dental bonding procedures is that very little to no anesthesia is required and very little tooth structure is removed. The procedure is completed in a few minutes and looks great. But there is a disadvantage too. The dental bonding materials currently used are not very stain resistant and over a period of time subtle color changes do appear. Moreover the material is simply stuck to the tooth surface using a type of dental glue. Using too much pressure simply causes the dental bonding to snap off! It’s a better idea to use dental bonding for anterior teeth rather than the posteriors where the biting pressure is considerably lesser.

What Is A Cystoscopy?

Cystoscopy is a procedure by which a physician can visually examine the inside of the urethra and the urinary bladder. The cystoscope is a thin lighted telescope that is passed in to your body to view the interior of the bladder; it also has thin channels on its sides by which instruments can be passed into the bladder for biopsy procedures.

The doctor will usually prescribe medications for you to take prior to the cystoscopy procedure to prevent infections and you can have local, general or spinal anesthesia depending on the depth of the cystoscopy procedure. You will also have to empty your bladder before the procedure and the urologist may fill your bladder with saline to get a better picture. Most routine cystoscopy procedures take about ten minutes but if the urologist wishes to do a biopsy then the procedure time may increase. The urologist can do a wide range of treatment procedures during cystoscopy like a transurethral resection of the prostate, removal of a urinary stones, bladder tumor resections, and cauterizations. Patients who were treated under local anesthetic are sent home the same day. But if more invasive procedures are carried out, then the patient is admitted for two days for observation. There is minimal discomfort after a cystoscopy procedure but please do inform your doctor immediately if you are experiencing severe pain, bleeding and fever.

Autistic symptoms in toddlers: How do you recognize them?

Did you know that Autism affects millions of children in the world? It’s extremely difficult to recognize autistic symptoms in toddlers for the simple reason that toddlers are really difficult to diagnose. Most cases of autism are recognized during the year’s two to three which are peak vaccination periods. In fact quite a few parents blame the vaccinations for the autistic symptoms in toddlers, but it isn’t so.

A very typical diagnostic test doctors use to diagnose Autism is by taking a detailed medical questionnaire like.

• Do you feel that your child is developmentally delayed in some areas as compared with other children of a comparable age group? Typical autistic symptoms in toddlers’ include unusual behavior like uncontrollable tantrums, and self injury. Continuous engagement in one particular activity like hand flapping, odd noises, and toe walking can all be considered as typical autistic symptoms in toddlers.

• Researchers have also found a typical range of behavior which can signify autistic symptoms in toddlers ranging from unusual attachment to toys, inability to follow pointing gestures, lack of empathy for others and total absence of pointing gestures.

• A few more common autistic symptoms in toddlers are the child’s insensitivity to pain, and difficulty for others to stimulate them to do important tasks. Lack of speech and difficulty in expressing needs as well as a difficulty in understanding command with deafness in certain situations.

• The child’s socialization skill is also impaired with loneliness and an inability to make friends friends.

I hope this article has given you a fair idea of autistic symptoms in toddlers. It’s a good idea to refer to the National Autistic Society to get a better idea of autism. The faster the disease is recognized, the better it can be treated, and the lesser the stress on the family.

Aruba beach attractions

Aruba is one of the prime hot locations situated in the Caribbean Sea. It has a picture like beauty and its resorts and amenities are more than excellent. If you are planning a relaxing and enjoyable holidays, come to Aruba. Aruba will prove a fantastic gateway for paradise for you. Forget the world behind you, by enjoying a drink in Aruba. Aruba is the most famous island in the Caribbean Sea. It is mainly famous for its white sandy beaches and marine tropical climate. Through out Aruba, cactus-grown landscape will welcome you.

The Aruba and Islands consists of many exotic beaches. Playa Hadikurari is a fantastic beach among the Aruba which is located on the north-western coast, south to the light house. It is very famous and sought after for its snorkels. Palm Beach is famous for its calm and cozy waters in Aruba and contains so many exotic and luxurious hotels having low heights. Another exotic beach among Aruba islands is Eagle beach. This beach of Aruba in Aruba Island is popular for its local community and this is a public beach. Plenty of parking spaces and Picnic tables below trees make this beach of Aruba islands outstanding. Another marvelous beach among the Aruba islands is Rodgers Beach. It is a very exciting location for people who like adventurous surfing through water. This beach offers complete shade and nice showers. This distinguishes it from the rest of the Aruba. Out of the many beaches in Aruba and islands the baby beach is very calm and filled with thin shallow water. So many children and swimmers would like to enjoy it because it is quite safe for them to swim there.

The southern coasts of Aruba islands are dangerous, with large sea waves. Most of the visitors won’t go there for their vacations and water sports. But it is famous for adventurous sports like surfing, and boogie boarding. The famous waves on which they make their adventures are Do Playa, Waricuri, and Andicuri. There are many places in Aruba one shouldn’t miss to visit. The capital city is Ornajestad, it has a harbor, free of taxes. The archeological museums, and numismatic museums are always a major crowd puller. There are many wonderful luxurious apartments for people holidaying in Aruba. Some of the exotic apartments are coral Reef Studio, Coral Reef beach Villa etc. these two apartments promise ultimate luxuries for you and your family when you enjoy holidays. You can get individual cabins as well. All the cabins are equipped with luxurious amenities.

You can have anything for your personal needs in these villas and apartments. They will offer tea, champagne, milk, coffee, online connection for 24 hours a day and everything to keep you comfortable. In Aruba the beaches are equipped with latest loungers, chairs and pool side tables to enjoy drinks. Some of these items mentioned above will come as a compliment when you stay there.

Uses of Lathe

Lathes have a wide range of uses in the modern era. Let’s see the uses of lathes in various fields one by one.

Diamond turning: The diamond turning is a complex and high precision multistage process carried out using a range of CNC (computer numerical control) lathes. It is equipped with synthetic or natural diamond tipped elements for precision cutting. It is used to make optical elements used in telescopes, instruments for scientific research, TV projectors, and missile guidance systems etc, from crystals, glass, metals, acrylic and other materials.

Metal spinning: Metal spinning is also known as spin forming. It is a process in which a metal tube or disc is rotated in high speed to produce decorative items and commercial items. A series of CNS lathes are used for this. It is used in the crafting of lighting articles, decorative items for house hold and beautiful urns. The industrial applications of this process are crafting of cones of rocket, gas cylinders, cook wares, brass bells etc.

Metal working: Metal working is another important field where lathes are widely used. Metal work creates individual delicate parts to form large structures like ships, bridges and jewellery and oil refineries. It requires skills as well as large number of specified tools. It has a vast application in jewellery design, trade, art and industrial applications.

Milling machines: In most of the Milling machines the lathe used is CNC type and is having wide range of applications. It is usually used to create tool paths which are complex and need high precision and accuracy. Milling machines are used for various tool path operations such as drilling, rebating, routing, planning and slot cutting.

Woodturning: The process of turning wood is used to create many intricate designed products on wood by using various kinds of lathes. Woodturning is different from other woodwork processes. In this the wood piece will rotate, keeping the cutting tool stationary to shape the wood to different shapes. Spindle turning and faceplate turning are the two different methods for turning the wood piece.

Woodworks: Wood works was popular from the ancient times. Egyptians and Chinese are the two civilizations, who used woodwork in drawings, furniture and even on tombs. Lathes are used to shape wood for chairs, beds, chests, stools etc. In wood work the role of lathes is indispensable. There are various types of lathes exclusively developed and used in woodworks industries.

Mandrel: The patent Mandrel was designed by William Denham Verschoyle. It is a set of lathe accessories for cutting and turning of wood using hands. The items can be used to work on metals also. It is very easy to mount wood on it and it requires not much space for its operation. But commercially, the machine was not a success.

Segmented turning: Segmented turning of wood uses lathe to shape many small wood pieces. Later all the pieces are glued together in some pattern to form wonderful objects. It is also known as polychromatic turning. Segmented turning process is used to give wonderful visual effects for a single object. The cutting and reassembling of various pieces need high patience and skills. Examples of objects created by this method are pepper and salt mills, rolling pins, pens and fancy pots and vessels.